Insimbi eyindilinga
Insimbi eyisiyingi isho umucu wensimbi oqinile onesigaba esiphambano esiyindilinga.Ukucaciswa kwayo kuvezwe ububanzi, ngamamilimitha (mm), njengokuthi "50mm" kusho insimbi eyindilinga enobubanzi obungama-50 mm.
Insimbi eyisiyingi ihlukaniswe yaba izinhlobo ezintathu: okugoqiwe okushisayo, okufojiwe kanye nokudonswa ngokubanda.Ukucaciswa kwensimbi eyindilinga eshisiwe yi-5.5-250 mm.Phakathi kwazo: insimbi eyindilinga engu-5.5-25 mm ihlinzekwa kakhulu ngezinqwaba zemicu eqondile, evame ukusetshenziswa njengemigoqo yensimbi, amabhawodi kanye nezingxenye ezihlukahlukene zemishini;insimbi eyindilinga enkulu kuno-25 mm isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukukhiqiza izingxenye zemishini kanye nezikhala zamashubhu zamapayipi ensimbi angenamthungo ziyalinda.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwebha eyindilinga
1.Ukwahlukanisa ngokwakhiwa kwamakhemikhali
Insimbi yekhabhoni ingahlukaniswa ibe yinsimbi ephansi ye-carbon, insimbi ye-carbon steel kanye nensimbi ye-carbon ephezulu ngokuvumelana nokwakheka kwamakhemikhali (okungukuthi, okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni).
(1) Insimbi ethambile
Eyaziwa nangokuthi insimbi emnene, okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni kusuka ku-0.10% kuya ku-0.30%.Insimbi ye-carbon ephansi kulula ukwamukela ukucubungula okuhlukahlukene njengokubumba, ukushisela nokusika, futhi kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukwenza amaketanga, ama-rivets, ama-bolts, ama-shafts, njll.
(2) Insimbi ye-carbon emaphakathi
Insimbi ye-Carbon enokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni ka-0.25% kuya ku-0.60%.Kukhona insimbi ebulewe, i-semi-killed steel, insimbi ebilayo neminye imikhiqizo.Ngaphezu kwekhabhoni, ingaqukatha nenani elincane le-manganese (0.70% kuya ku-1.20%).Ngokwekhwalithi yomkhiqizo, ihlukaniswe ngensimbi evamile ye-carbon structural kanye nekhwalithi ephezulu ye-carbon structural steel.Ukucutshungulwa okuhle kwe-thermal nokusebenza kokusika, ukusebenza kabi kwe-welding.Amandla nobulukhuni kuphakeme kune-low carbon steel, kodwa ipulasitiki nokuqina kuphansi kune-low carbon steel.Izinto ezishisayo nezidonswa ngokubanda zingasetshenziswa ngokuqondile ngaphandle kokwelashwa kokushisa, noma ngemva kokwelashwa kokushisa.Insimbi yekhabhoni emaphakathi ngemuva kokucisha kanye nokushisa inezakhiwo ezinhle zokuhlanganisa.Ukuqina okuphezulu okungafinyelelwa cishe ku-HRC55 (HB538), futhi σb kungu-600-1100MPa.Ngakho-ke, ekusetshenzisweni okuhlukahlukene kwezinga lamandla aphakathi, insimbi ye-carbon steel iyona esetshenziswa kakhulu.Ngaphezu kokusetshenziswa njengezinto zokwakha, ibuye isetshenziswe kabanzi ekwenzeni izingxenye ezihlukahlukene zemishini.
(3) Insimbi enekhabhoni ephezulu
Okuvame ukubizwa nge-tool steel, okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni kusuka ku-0.60% kuya ku-1.70%, futhi kungenziwa lukhuni futhi kuncishiswe.Izando, ama-crowbars, njll. zenziwe ngensimbi ene-carbon content engu-0.75%;amathuluzi okusika anjengama-drill, ompompi, ama-reamers, njll. enziwe ngensimbi enokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni engu-0.90% kuya ku-1.00%.
2.Kuhlukaniswa ngekhwalithi yensimbi
Ngokwekhwalithi yensimbi, ingahlukaniswa ibe yi-carbon steel evamile kanye nekhwalithi ephezulu ye-carbon steel.
(1) Insimbi evamile ye-carbon structural, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-carbon steel evamile, inemikhawulo ebanzi kokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni, ububanzi bokusebenza, nokuqukethwe kwe-phosphorus, isulfure nezinye izinto ezisele.E-China nakwamanye amazwe, ihlukaniswe yaba izigaba ezintathu ngokuvumelana nezimo zesiqinisekiso sokulethwa: Insimbi ye-Class A (insimbi ye-Class A) iyinsimbi enezakhiwo eziqinisekisiwe zemishini.Insimbi ye-Class B (insimbi ye-Class B) iyinsimbi enokwakheka kwamakhemikhali okuqinisekisiwe.Insimbi ekhethekile (insimbi yohlobo lwe-C) iyinsimbi eqinisekisa kokubili izakhiwo zemishini nokwakheka kwamakhemikhali, futhi ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukwakha izingxenye zesakhiwo ezibaluleke kakhulu.I-China okwamanje ikhiqiza futhi isebenzisa insimbi ye-A3 kakhulu (insimbi ye-Class A No. 3) enekhabhoni engaba ngu-0.20%, esetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi izakhiwo zobunjiniyela.
Ezinye izinsimbi ze-carbon structural futhi zengeza amanani omkhondo we-aluminium noma i-niobium (noma ezinye izakhi ze-carbide) ukuze zakhe ama-nitride noma izinhlayiya ze-carbide ukuze kukhawulwe ukukhula okusanhlamvu.Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe lwe-CNC, sesha i-akhawunti yomphakathi “i-NC programming teaching” ku-WeChat, Qinisa insimbi futhi wonge insimbi.E-China nakwamanye amazwe, ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ezikhethekile zensimbi yobungcweti, ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kanye nezakhiwo zensimbi evamile ye-carbon structural steel kuye kwalungiswa, ngaleyo ndlela kwakhiwe uchungechunge lwensimbi yobuchwepheshe yensimbi evamile ye-carbon structural (njengamabhuloho, izakhiwo, njll.) Izinsimbi zensimbi, insimbi yemikhumbi yokucindezela, njll.).
(2) Uma kuqhathaniswa nensimbi evamile ye-carbon structural, insimbi yekhwalithi ephezulu ye-carbon structural inokuqukethwe okuphansi kwesibabule, i-phosphorus nokunye okufakiwe okungeyona insimbi.Ngokusho kokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni okuhlukile nokusetshenziswa, lolu hlobo lwensimbi lungahlukaniswa ngokwezigaba ezintathu:
① Ngaphansi kuka-0.25% C yinsimbi enekhabhoni ephansi, ikakhulukazi i-08F kanye ne-08Al enokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni engaphansi kuka-0.10%, asetshenziswa kabanzi njengezingxenye ezidonsa kanzima njengezimoto namathini ngenxa yokudonsa nokushisela kwazo okujulile ……linda .I-20G iyinto eyinhloko yokwenza ama-boilers ajwayelekile.Ngaphezu kwalokho, insimbi ephansi yekhabhoni nayo isetshenziswa kabanzi njengensimbi ye-carburizing yokukhiqiza imishini.
②0.25～0.60% C iyinsimbi ye-carbon steel, esetshenziswa kakhulu esimweni esipholile nesipholile ukwenza izingxenye embonini yokukhiqiza imishini.
③ Ngaphezu kuka-0.6% C insimbi ephezulu ye-carbon, esetshenziswa kakhulu ekwenzeni iziphethu, amagiya, amaroli, njll. Ngokusho kokuqukethwe okuhlukile kwe-manganese, ingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amabili ensimbi anokuqukethwe okujwayelekile kwe-manganese (0.25-0.8) %) kanye nokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-manganese (0.7-1.0% kanye no-0.9-1.2%).I-Manganese ingathuthukisa ukuqina kwensimbi, iqinise i-ferrite, futhi ithuthukise amandla esivuno, amandla aqinile kanye nokumelana nokugqoka kwensimbi.Ngokuvamile, uphawu "Mn" lwengezwe ngemva kwebanga lensimbi elinokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-manganese, njenge-15Mn kanye ne-20Mn, ukuze ihlukanise nensimbi ye-carbon enokuqukethwe okujwayelekile kwe-manganese.
3.Ukuhlukaniswa ngezinhloso
Ngokusho kwesicelo, ingahlukaniswa ngensimbi yesakhiwo se-carbon kanye nensimbi yensimbi ye-carbon.
Insimbi yensimbi ye-Carbon Okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni kuphakathi kuka-0.65 no-1.35%.Ngemuva kokwelashwa okushisa, ubulukhuni obukhulu kanye nokumelana nokugqoka okuphezulu kungatholakala.Isetshenziswa kakhulu ukwenza amathuluzi ahlukahlukene, amathuluzi okusika, isikhunta namathuluzi okulinganisa (bheka insimbi yamathuluzi).
Insimbi yesakhiwo se-Carbon ihlukaniswe ngamamaki angu-5 ngokusho kwamandla okukhiqiza ensimbi:
Q195, Q215, Q235, Q255, Q275
Umkhiqizo ngamunye uhlukaniswe ngamamaki A, B, C, kanye no-D ngenxa yekhwalithi ehlukene.Kunezinhlobo ezine kakhulu, kanti ezinye zinenye kuphela;ngaphezu kwalokho, kunomehluko endleleni ye-deoxidation yokuncibilikisa insimbi.
Uphawu lwendlela yokukhipha umoya-mpilo:
F - insimbi ebilayo
b——insimbi ebulewe kancane
Z——insimbi ebulewe
TZ——insimbi ebulewe ekhethekile
Izinto zensimbi eyindilinga: Q195, Q235, 10#, 20#, 35#, 45#, Q215, Q235, Q345, 12Cr1Mov, 15CrMo, 304, 316, 20Cr, 40Cr, 25CrMo, 3CrMo, 3CrMo, 3CrMo, 30CrMov, 30CrMov 5, 65Mn , 50Mn, 50Cr, 3Cr2W8V, 20CrMnTi, 5CrMnMo, njll.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-05-2023